Thematic Evaluation of Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization’s (GAVI) Contribution to Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30442/Keywords:
Equity, GAVI, Intervention, Nigeria, SDG vaccine, Themes, Word cloudAbstract
Background: Many developing countries rely on external support to enhance their healthcare systems.
Objectives: To thematically evaluate GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance’s interventions on immunization in Nigeria by reviewing abstracts of research papers indexed in Scopus. Available literature includes published articles about GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance’s intervention on immunization in Nigeria or reports of GAVI's success stories.
Methods: The study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of abstracts of previously published articles with a common scope. The abstracts of the papers are indexed in the Scopus database, and the data were extracted and analyzed to produce themes using thematic analysis.
Results: The thematic analysis yielded seven themes and 18 subthemes, which were used to produce a framework. The seven themes and their corresponding subthemes are: (i). Economic Evaluation and Financing of Vaccine Programs (cost-effectiveness, financial transition, investment in vaccine technology and infrastructure, and co-financing agreements). (ii). Effectiveness and Impact of Vaccination Programs (Public Health Outcomes and Community Health Impact) (iii). Global and local collaboration in health initiatives (international partnerships in vaccine delivery and local collaboration). (iv). Innovations in Vaccine Technologies and Systems Integration (technological advancements and system integration). (v). Policy Development and Institutional Support (policy formulations and institutional roles). (vi). Program Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (evaluation and adaptation, and monitoring mechanisms). (vii). Vaccine Accessibility and Equity Challenges (socioeconomic factors, geographic disparities, access barriers, and equity initiatives in vaccine distribution).
Conclusion: The themes represent the current state of GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance’s intervention in Nigeria, and the framework derived from them could be helpful for decision-making.
References
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1. Alonge SK. Primary health care in Nigeria: an appraisal of the effect of foreign donations. African J Health, Saf Environ 2020;1(2):86-100. https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v1i2.96
2. Ikilezi G, Augusto OJ, Dieleman JL, Sherr K, Lim SS. Effect of donor funding for immunization from Gavi and other development assistance channels on vaccine coverage: evidence from 120 low and middle income recipient countries. Vaccine 2020;38(3):588-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.057
3. Soi C, Shearer JC, Budden A, Carnahan E, Salisbury N, Asiimwe G, et al. How to evaluate the implementation of complex health programmes in low-income settings: the approach of the Gavi Full Country Evaluations. Health Policy Plan 2020;35(Suppl_2):ii35-ii46. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa127
4. Storeng KT. The GAVI Alliance and the ‘Gates approach‘ to health system strengthening. Glob Public Health 2014;9(8):865-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.940362
5. Lindstrand A, Cherian T, Chang-Blanc D, Feikin D, O’Brien KL. The world of immunization: achievements, challenges, and strategic vision for the next decade. J Infect Dis 2021;224(Suppl_4):S452-S467. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab284
6. Obi US, Ogbuoji O, Mao W, Shahid M, Onwujekwe O, Yamey G. Progress in the face of cuts: a qualitative Nigerian case study of maintaining progress towards universal health coverage after losing donor assistance. Health Policy Plan 2021;36(7):1045-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab051
7. Adepoju P. Gavi Officially Extends Support for Nigeria to 2028—healthnews.ng [Internet]. 2018. Available from: http://www.healthnews.ng/gavi-officially-extends-support-for-nigeria-to-2028/. [Assessed 11 May 2024].
8. Ravi SJ, Vecino-Ortiz AI, Potter CM, Merritt MW, Patenaude BN. Group-based trajectory models of integrated vaccine delivery and equity in low-and middle-income countries. Int J Equity Health 2024;23(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-02088-x
9. Idris IO, Ouma L, Tapkigen J, Ayomoh FI, Ayeni GO. Is health expenditure on immunisation associated with immunisation coverage in sub-Saharan Africa? A multicountry analysis, 2013–2017. BMJ Open 2024;14(1):e073789. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073789
10. Jha A, Kolesar RJ, Comas S, Gribble J, Ugaz J, Gonzalez-Pier E. Getting ready for reduced donor dependency: the co-financing of family planning commodities. Health Policy Plan 2024;39(1):87-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czad106
11. Jennings MC, Sauer M, Manchester C, Soeters HM, Shimp L, Hyde TB, et al. Supporting evidence-based rotavirus vaccine introduction decision-making and implementation: Lessons from 8 Gavi-eligible countries. Vaccine 2024;42(1):8-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.035
12. Amani A, Daniel EK, Gbotto B, Yao K, Nicaise AL, Kouakou E, et al. First Field Test of the Novel Integration Mapping Tool for COVID-19 Vaccination Integration into National Immunization Programs and Primary Healthcare— A Case Study from Côte d’Ivoire. Vaccines 2023;11(12):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121842
13. Khan M. Commodifying Vaccines to Curtail Antibiotic Resistance Impact in Malaria Endemic Countries. J Coll Phys Surg Pak 2023;33(12):1454-6. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2023.12.1454
14. Kiendrébéogo JA, Sidibe ARO, Compaoré GB, Nacanabo R, Sory O, Ouédraogo I, et al. Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Burkina Faso: a modelling study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023;23(1):1338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10283-3
15. Athiyaman A, Herliana P, Anartati A, Widyastuti N, Yosephine P, Tandy G, et al. Accelerating Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine introductions in Indonesia: key learnings from 2017 to 2022. Infect Dis Poverty 2023;12(1):107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-023-01161-5
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