Prevalence and patterns of strabismus among in-school adolescents in Sagamu, South-west Nigeria

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30442/

Keywords:

Adolescents, Esotropia, Exotropia, Prevalence, Strabismus

Abstract

Background: Strabismus (squint) may be a cause of uniocular or binocular preventable visual impairment. It is one of the ocular conditions that ophthalmologists meet in clinical practice, especially in the paediatric age group.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and patterns of strabismus among in-school adolescents in Sagamu, South-west Nigeria.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 2750 in-school adolescents aged 10-19 years selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire, Snellen’s chart and ophthalmoscope. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated with the level of significance (P) set at 0.05. Informed consent and assent were obtained from study participants and their parents as appropriate.

Result: The mean age of participants was 13.57 ± 2.22 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3. The self-reported prevalence of strabismus was 6%, but following ocular examination, a prevalence of 0.4% was found. The most common angle of strabismus was less than or equal to 15PD (33.3%). Of these, esotropia accounted for 58.3%, while 33.3% had exotropia, and 8.3% had hypotropia. Strabismus was associated with refractive error (p=0.00), but no association was found with socio-demographic factors.

Conclusion: The prevalence of strabismus was low (0.4%), with esotropia being the most common type. Pre-school screening will help to identify those with strabismus early.

Author Biographies

  • Adeduntan Sarah Olagbenro, OOUTH, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Olabisi Onabanjo University

    Consultant Ophthalmologist, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State

    Lecturer 1, Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State 

  • Olubunmi Temitope Bodunde, Olabisi Onabanjo University

    Reader, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-iwoye, Ogun State

    Consultant Ophthalmologist, OOUTH, Sagamu, Ogun State

  • Haroun Ajibode

    Consultant Ophthalmologist, OOUTH, Sagamu

  • Oluwatoni Olaide Onabolu, Olabisi Onabanjo University

    Reader, OOUTH, Sagamu

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Published

2026-08-30

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Original Research

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